![]() ![]() ![]() In his study A Rural Society in Medieval France: The Gâtine of Poitou in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries (Johns Hopkins University Press Studies in Historical and Political Science, ser. Clovis Brunel …, 2 vols (Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société de l’École des chartes, 12 Paris: Société de l’École des chartes, 1955), II, 138–62. Picard, 1949) Jean-François Le-marignier, ‘Les fidèles du roi de France’, in Recueil de travaux offert à M. Échevinages (Brussels: Chez l’Auteur, 1959/1960) Jan Dhondt, Études sur la naissance des principautés territoriales en France (IX e– X e siècle) (Werken Uitgegeven door de Faculteit van de Wijsbegeerte en Letteren, Rijksuniversiteit te Gent, 102 Bruges: ‘De Tempel’, 1948) Yvonne Bongert, Recherches sur les cours laiques du X e au XII e siècle (Paris: A. Introduction au Corpus des records de coutumes et des lois de chefs-lieux de l’ancien comté de Hainaut, 2 vols (Société des bibliophiles belges séant à Mons, Publications, 41–42 Mons-Frameries: Union des imprimeries, 1946) Léo Verriest, Questions d’histoire des institutions médiévales. Enjeux sociaux et réflexion historienne’, Annales : Économies – Sociétés – Civilisations, 45:1 (1990), 137–66 Émile Lesne, ‘Les diverses acceptations du terme “beneficium” du VIII e au IX e siècle (Contribution à l’étude des origines du bénéfice ecclésiastique)’, Revue historique du droit français et étranger, 4th ser., 3 (1924), 5–56 Charles Edwin Odegaard, Vassi and Fideles in the Carolingian Empire (Harvard Historical Monographs, 19 Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1945) Léo Verriest, Institutions médiévales. Larose et al., 1886–1917), on whom see Alain Guerreau, Le féodalisme: un horizon théorique (Paris: Le Sycomore, 1980), 51–5 and Alain Guerreau ‘Fief, féodalité, féodalisme. Notable among them are Jacques Flach (1846–1919), Les origines de l’ancienne France, 4 vols (Paris: L. The conclusion reiterates the call I issued in 1974 to renounce the constructs and cautiously forecasts their imminent demise, except as evidence of the styles of conceptualization that led their sixteenth- and seventeenth-century fabricators to invent them. ![]() In a final section I assess the diminished fidelity that feudalism has commanded since 2000, and the progressive waning of the feudal constructs’ influence on studies of medieval Europe, which focus increasingly on the complexities of its evolution. In appraising the article’s reception, I discuss Susan Reynolds’s book, Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted, published in 1994, and the similarities and differences between our approaches to the feudal constructs and to medieval society and politics. Before examining the reactions to the article, positive and negative, I treat the feudal constructs’ appeal and powers of endurance, and the cognitive roots of their advocates’ attachment to them. Re-evaluating the extent and gravity of the disapproval the term had long elicited, I reconsider the relationship between my uncompromising assault and earlier opposition to feudalism. I first review the reasons for my campaign and its timing. In this article I reflect on feudalism and the attack I launched in 1974 against it and such similar constructs as feudal system, feudal society, and feudal monarchy. ![]()
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